What is the Origin of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase?

The term derives from its function and location: "adipose" refers to the fat tissue where it resides, "triglyceride" denotes its substrate, and "lipase" identifies it as an enzyme that hydrolyzes lipids. ATGL was first identified and characterized in the early 2000s, establishing it as the rate-limiting enzyme for the initial step of lipolysis. It operates within the complex biochemical machinery of the human energy system.

What is the Mechanism of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase?

ATGL specifically catalyzes the first step of triglyceride hydrolysis, converting triacylglycerol into diacylglycerol and a free fatty acid. This initial cleavage is a highly regulated event, often stimulated by catecholamines and suppressed by insulin, demonstrating its hormonal control. The liberated fatty acids can then exit the adipocyte and travel through the bloodstream, where they serve as vital energy substrates for tissues like muscle and liver. Maintaining optimal ATGL function is essential for metabolic flexibility and healthy body composition.

Adipose Triglyceride Lipase ∞ Area

Adipose Triglyceride Lipase

Meaning

Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) is a key enzyme that initiates the breakdown of stored triglycerides within adipocytes, or fat cells. This process, known as lipolysis, is fundamentally important for releasing fatty acids to be used as metabolic fuel by other tissues. Its activity is precisely regulated to ensure appropriate energy balance throughout the body. The enzyme’s role is critical in the mobilization of lipid reserves during periods of fasting or increased energy demand.