The differential distribution and functional specialization of fat stores across the body, distinguishing between metabolically active visceral depots and more inert subcutaneous depots. This partitioning significantly influences systemic endocrine signaling and overall metabolic health outcomes. Clinical assessment often focuses on the ratio between these compartments as a predictor of risk.
Origin
Derived from anatomical descriptions of fat deposition, the term gained specific endocrinological relevance as research elucidated the distinct roles of regional adipocytes in mediating insulin sensitivity and inflammation. The partitioning concept separates fat by location and function rather than merely mass.
Mechanism
This process involves differential adipokine secretion and local tissue responsiveness to hormonal cues, such as insulin and catecholamines. Visceral fat, for instance, tends to exhibit higher lipolytic activity and release pro-inflammatory cytokines that impair hepatic insulin clearance. Understanding this differential storage capacity is crucial for managing energy homeostasis.
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