The biochemical processes involved in the breakdown of stored triglycerides in adipose tissue (fat cells) into free fatty acids and glycerol, which are then released into the bloodstream for energy use by other tissues. This catabolic state is physiologically crucial for maintaining energy homeostasis, particularly during periods of fasting or prolonged exercise. Understanding this chemistry is central to clinical strategies targeting body composition and metabolic health.
Origin
This concept stems from the fundamental physiological and biochemical understanding of lipid metabolism, specifically lipolysis, which is a well-established area of endocrinology and nutritional science. The term “mobilization chemistry” emphasizes the chemical reactions and regulatory pathways governing the movement of stored energy from the fat cell reservoir. It is rooted in the study of hormone-sensitive lipase and its regulation by key endocrine signals.
Mechanism
The process is primarily regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and specific hormones, such as catecholamines and glucagon, which activate adenylyl cyclase, leading to increased cyclic AMP (cAMP). This rise in cAMP activates Protein Kinase A (PKA), which subsequently phosphorylates and activates hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). HSL and ATGL catalyze the sequential hydrolysis of triglycerides, making the stored energy substrates available for systemic use.
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