A pathological state where adipose tissue, or body fat, loses its healthy endocrine and metabolic function, moving beyond simple energy storage. This dysfunction is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, impaired adipokine secretion—such as leptin and adiponectin—and reduced capacity for safe lipid storage. Clinically, this metabolic shift is a major driver of insulin resistance and systemic metabolic syndrome, significantly impacting overall hormonal balance. The compromised tissue actively contributes to a pro-inflammatory systemic environment.
Origin
The concept stems from modern endocrinology and metabolism research, recognizing fat tissue as an active endocrine organ rather than a passive reservoir. ‘Adipose’ is derived from the Latin adeps meaning fat, and ‘dysfunction’ refers to abnormal or impaired operation. This understanding represents a paradigm shift in how clinicians view the role of body fat in systemic health.
Mechanism
Adipose tissue dysfunction involves the hypertrophy of adipocytes and subsequent macrophage infiltration, initiating a pro-inflammatory state. This process leads to the ectopic deposition of lipids in organs like the liver and muscle, profoundly impairing insulin sensitivity. The resulting altered adipokine profile, including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, directly interferes with insulin signaling and systemic hormonal homeostasis. This metabolic crosstalk creates a vicious cycle of inflammation and endocrine disruption.
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