What is the Origin of Adipose Dysfunction?

The concept emerged from the recognition that obesity-related metabolic diseases were not simply a matter of excess mass but rather a consequence of impaired fat cell function. The term combines 'adipose,' referring to fat tissue, with 'dysfunction,' indicating impaired or abnormal operation. This clinical understanding revolutionized the perspective on fat, viewing it as a dynamic endocrine organ rather than just an inert energy reservoir.

What is the Mechanism of Adipose Dysfunction?

Dysfunction is initiated by factors such as chronic positive energy balance and cellular stress, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and hypoxia. These stressed cells recruit macrophages and initiate an inflammatory response, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-6. This inflammatory milieu impairs insulin signaling locally and systemically, simultaneously disrupting the production of beneficial adipokines like adiponectin and leptin, thereby propagating metabolic disease throughout the body.

Adipose Dysfunction

Meaning

A pathological state where adipose tissue loses its capacity for healthy lipid storage, insulin sensitivity, and balanced secretion of adipokines, transitioning from a metabolically protective organ to a detrimental one. This dysfunction is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, ectopic fat deposition in non-adipose organs, and dysregulated hormonal signaling. It is a core driver in the progression of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.