Adipokine regulation refers to the intricate homeostatic control of signaling molecules released by adipose tissue, known as adipokines. These hormones, including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, profoundly influence systemic metabolism and inflammatory processes. Proper regulation is essential for maintaining energy balance, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular health. Dysregulation of these endocrine signals is a core component of metabolic syndrome and obesity-related complications.
Origin
The term combines “adipokine,” derived from adipo- (fat) and -kine (movement/signal), with “regulation,” which stems from the Latin regula (rule). This concept emerged from endocrinology research recognizing adipose tissue not merely as an energy store but as a highly active endocrine organ. The understanding of adipokines revolutionized the clinical view of body fat as a dynamic regulator of human physiology.
Mechanism
The mechanism involves adipocytes synthesizing and secreting adipokines in response to nutritional status and inflammatory cues. For instance, increased adiposity often leads to higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels, shifting the body toward insulin resistance. These secreted molecules travel via the bloodstream to act on distant target organs like the liver, muscle, and brain. This endocrine loop governs energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, and systemic inflammatory response pathways.
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