This refers to the physiological capacity of certain compounds, typically phytochemicals, to normalize the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function when challenged by stressors. It implies a balancing effect on cortisol output and subsequent endocrine responses. We observe this modulation through improved glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and dampened inflammatory cascades.
Origin
The term originates from the Soviet-era research, particularly by Lazarev and Brekhman, who defined ‘adaptogens’ as substances increasing the non-specific resistance of an organism to various stressors. The clinical application now focuses on optimizing endocrine feedback loops relevant to chronic stress adaptation.
Mechanism
The action often involves influencing key signaling molecules within the stress response pathway, such as modulating CRH release or influencing downstream neuroendocrine feedback. This interaction helps maintain allostatic load within functional limits, preventing cellular exhaustion from prolonged sympathetic activation.
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