Question 1

What is the Meaning of ADA?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine Deaminase, or ADA, is an enzyme crucial for purine nucleoside metabolism. It catalyzes adenosine's irreversible deamination to inosine and ammonia, a key step in purine catabolism. This enzyme is essential for cellular health and proper immune system function by regulating adenosine levels.

Question 2

What is the Context of ADA?

Accepted Answer

ADA is widely distributed, with high concentrations in lymphoid organs like the thymus and spleen. Its activity is paramount for lymphocyte development and maturation, key components of the adaptive immune system. ADA’s role in regulating adenosine, a signaling molecule, highlights its importance in cellular communication and metabolic balance.

Question 3

What is the Significance of ADA?

Accepted Answer

ADA deficiency causes severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID), profoundly impairing T and B lymphocyte function, leading to extreme susceptibility to life-threatening infections. Elevated ADA levels can indicate various inflammatory conditions, including tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, or certain malignancies. Monitoring ADA status assists in differential diagnosis and patient management.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of ADA?

Accepted Answer

The enzymatic action of ADA involves a direct hydrolytic attack on adenosine, cleaving an amino group to form inosine. This biochemical conversion is crucial for detoxifying cells from excess adenosine, which can be cytotoxic, especially to lymphocytes. By controlling adenosine concentrations, ADA supports nucleotide recycling and ensures proper cellular metabolic function.

Question 5

What is the Application of ADA?

Accepted Answer

In clinical practice, ADA deficiency is addressed through enzyme replacement therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Measuring ADA activity in body fluids, like pleural or cerebrospinal fluid, is a recognized diagnostic tool for tuberculosis. Research explores modulating ADA activity for potential therapeutic use in cancer and autoimmune disorders.

Question 6

What is the Metric of ADA?

Accepted Answer

ADA assessment involves quantitative measurement of its enzymatic activity in biological samples, typically serum, plasma, or effusions. Laboratory assays determine the rate at which adenosine converts into inosine, often expressed as units per liter. Establishing baseline values and monitoring changes in ADA activity aids clinicians in evaluating disease progression or confirming a diagnosis.

Question 7

What is the Risk of ADA?

Accepted Answer

Inherited absence of functional ADA results in severe immunodeficiency, necessitating urgent medical intervention to prevent fatal infections. High ADA levels are a marker for underlying pathology requiring thorough investigation to avoid misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. Clinical decisions based solely on ADA values without comprehensive patient evaluation carry risks of incorrect management.

ADA

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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