Question 1

What is the Meaning of Abiraterone?

Accepted Answer

Abiraterone acetate is an oral prodrug that is metabolized in vivo to abiraterone, a potent and selective inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) enzyme. This compound plays a critical role in the management of certain prostate cancers by effectively reducing androgen biosynthesis.

Question 2

What is the Context of Abiraterone?

Accepted Answer

This medication operates within the intricate steroidogenesis pathway, specifically targeting the production of androgens outside the testes. Androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, are vital for the growth and progression of prostate cancer cells, even in states of castration. Abiraterone intervenes at a crucial step in this hormonal cascade, primarily affecting adrenal and intratumoral androgen synthesis.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Abiraterone?

Accepted Answer

Abiraterone has significantly advanced the therapeutic landscape for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). By substantially lowering systemic androgen levels, it offers a valuable strategy to control disease progression, alleviate symptoms, and extend survival for patients whose cancer continues to grow despite standard androgen deprivation therapies. Its impact represents a substantial clinical improvement for many individuals facing this challenging diagnosis.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Abiraterone?

Accepted Answer

Abiraterone functions by irreversibly inhibiting CYP17A1, an enzyme expressed in testicular, adrenal, and prostatic tumor tissues. This enzyme is essential for two key reactions in androgen synthesis: 17α-hydroxylation and 17,20-lyase activity. By blocking CYP17A1, abiraterone prevents the conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone into precursors of testosterone, such as DHEA and androstenedione. This comprehensive reduction in androgen production deprives prostate cancer cells of the hormonal support they require for proliferation and survival.

Question 5

What is the Application of Abiraterone?

Accepted Answer

Abiraterone is administered orally, typically once daily, in conjunction with low-dose prednisone or prednisolone to mitigate potential mineralocorticoid excess effects. It is primarily utilized for treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and, in some contexts, high-risk metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, always alongside medical or surgical castration. Consistent adherence to the prescribed regimen is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and managing potential adverse effects.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Abiraterone?

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic efficacy of abiraterone is routinely monitored through several clinical and laboratory parameters. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are frequently assessed, with a significant decline often indicating a positive response. Radiographic imaging, including CT scans and bone scans, provides objective evidence of disease control or progression. Furthermore, serum electrolytes, particularly potassium, and liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) are regularly evaluated to detect and manage potential drug-related toxicities.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Abiraterone?

Accepted Answer

Potential risks associated with abiraterone treatment include hypertension, hypokalemia, and fluid retention, primarily due to the compensatory increase in mineralocorticoid production following CYP17A1 inhibition. Liver enzyme elevations are also a recognized concern, necessitating vigilant monitoring of hepatic function. Patients may experience fatigue, joint swelling, and muscle discomfort. It is imperative to use abiraterone under strict medical supervision, especially in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions or significant hepatic impairment, to minimize adverse events.

Abiraterone

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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