Question 1

What is the Meaning of 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

The 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) enzyme family is a critical component of peripheral glucocorticoid regulation, controlling the local availability of active cortisol within specific tissues. This enzyme system acts as a pre-receptor determinant of hormone action, effectively buffering or amplifying the systemic cortisol signal at the cellular level. It is essential for protecting certain tissues from excessive glucocorticoid exposure and maintaining metabolic balance. The two main isoforms, 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2, execute opposing functions to achieve this precise control.

Question 2

What is the Origin of 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

This term is derived from its biochemical function, identifying it as a dehydrogenase enzyme that catalyzes a reaction at the C-11 position of the steroid molecule. The enzyme's existence and importance were recognized through studies of glucocorticoid metabolism and the mechanisms underlying apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Its role is deeply embedded in the physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, acting as a crucial local checkpoint.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

The 11β-HSD1 isoform typically functions as a reductase, converting inactive cortisone back into the biologically active hormone cortisol, primarily in metabolic tissues like the liver and adipose tissue, thus locally amplifying the stress hormone signal. Conversely, 11β-HSD2 acts as a dehydrogenase, irreversibly converting active cortisol to inactive cortisone, a mechanism vital in the kidney to prevent cortisol from inappropriately activating the mineralocorticoid receptor. The dynamic balance between these two enzymatic activities dictates the cellular concentration of active cortisol, profoundly impacting blood pressure, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory responses.

11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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