Question 1

What is the Meaning of 11-beta-HSD2?

Accepted Answer

11-beta-HSD2, or 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, is an enzyme. It plays a critical role in steroid metabolism. Specifically, it inactivates cortisol, a potent glucocorticoid, into its inert form, cortisone. This enzymatic action is essential for maintaining hormonal balance.

Question 2

What is the Context of 11-beta-HSD2?

Accepted Answer

This enzyme is predominantly expressed in mineralocorticoid target tissues. These include the kidneys, colon, salivary glands, and placenta. Its localization here prevents cortisol from overstimulating the mineralocorticoid receptor. Aldosterone, the primary mineralocorticoid, can then exert its specific effects on sodium and potassium balance without interference.

Question 3

What is the Significance of 11-beta-HSD2?

Accepted Answer

The proper function of 11-beta-HSD2 is vital for regulating blood pressure. Its activity ensures that mineralocorticoid receptors respond primarily to aldosterone, not cortisol. Dysregulation of this enzyme can lead to hypertension and electrolyte imbalances, impacting patient health considerably. Understanding its role guides diagnostic approaches for certain forms of high blood pressure.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of 11-beta-HSD2?

Accepted Answer

11-beta-HSD2 catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to cortisone. This reaction involves the oxidation of the 11-beta-hydroxyl group on the cortisol molecule. By rendering cortisol inactive, the enzyme effectively reduces its local concentration in sensitive tissues. This protective mechanism prevents cortisol, which circulates at concentrations far exceeding aldosterone, from binding and activating the mineralocorticoid receptor.

Question 5

What is the Application of 11-beta-HSD2?

Accepted Answer

Clinical assessment of conditions affecting 11-beta-HSD2 activity aids in differential diagnosis of hypertension. For instance, licorice consumption can inhibit this enzyme, causing apparent mineralocorticoid excess symptoms. Genetic mutations in the HSD11B2 gene result in a rare condition known as Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess syndrome, characterized by severe hypertension and low potassium levels. Therapeutic interventions sometimes focus on managing its activity or consequences.

Question 6

What is the Metric of 11-beta-HSD2?

Accepted Answer

Direct measurement of 11-beta-HSD2 enzyme activity is not routinely performed in clinical laboratories. Instead, its functional status is often inferred by analyzing urinary steroid metabolite ratios. The ratio of tetrahydrocortisol and allo-tetrahydrocortisol to tetrahydrocortisone provides insight into its efficiency. Additionally, plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels are assessed to differentiate causes of mineralocorticoid excess.

Question 7

What is the Risk of 11-beta-HSD2?

Accepted Answer

Improper regulation or inhibition of 11-beta-HSD2 carries notable clinical risks. Sustained inhibition, such as from chronic licorice intake, can lead to cortisol-induced mineralocorticoid receptor activation. This results in sodium retention, fluid overload, potassium depletion, and severe hypertension. Genetic deficiencies in this enzyme cause Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess syndrome, a serious condition requiring careful medical management to prevent cardiovascular and renal complications.

11-beta-HSD2

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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